Legionella, long associated with air-conditioners, may well be living in your home. But, your HVAC isn’t the only hotspot for Legionella incubation. You can also find legionella in hot water systems. Legionella can cause of Legionnaires’ disease, Legionellosis, and Pontiac fever – and it could be coming through your hot tap!

Updated July 2024

Legionella in Australian Water Heaters

Legionella is a reasonably common bacteria that exists in the home and in commercial settings throughout Australia. A study by Flinders University in Adelaide showed that 75% of homes were incubating Legionella. Learn more about legionella in hot water systems in Queensland here.

Metal tap in a kitchen

In its more serious form, Legionella can cause Legionnaires’ disease. Legionnaires’ disease is a serious infection of the lungs that has a lot of the same symptoms and problems as a severe bout of pneumonia. It can result in the onset of headaches, muscular pain and chills, as well as confusion, stomach pain and even death in some instances. The less serious form of Legionella infection, Pontiac
fever, produces similar symptoms but is far less serious because it does not
cause an infection in the lungs. What feels like a bad flu, could actually be exposure to legionella in your hot water system.

Where Legionella Lives

Legionella is found outdoors and in nature in soil and water, but rarely causes any illness because it is simply not present in enough numbers to invade a human body with any effect. However, in the home, it’s a different story. In water systems of almost any kind, Legionella can find a cosy home and multiply rapidly. Some common areas for the bacteria to be present are hot water tubs, spas and outdoor mist/fan combinations.

How Legionella Takes Hold

For all its potentially damaging effects, Legionella is actually quite a delicate bacteria. It is dormant below 20 degrees Celsius, meaning that most cold water systems and cold water taps are at low risk of hosting Legionella. It is also less able to multiply and grow at temperatures above 60 degrees Celsius. It’s for that reason that home hot water systems are required by regulation to be able to heat hot water to 60 degrees before it is released into the pipework.

Legionella typically takes root and multiplies in warm, humid environments and a storage Hot Water Unit that is set to only heat the water to modest or ‘luke warm’ temperature is a major risk.

This environment creates the ideal place and temperature for Legionella to multiply.

Protecting Your Family

Watch for non-transmissible symptoms

To protect yourself and your family against this potentially dangerous bacteria, you can take a few simple steps. First of all, if people in your household are getting flu-like symptoms regularly, but not passing them to each other, it may be worth mentioning that to your doctor. Legionnaires’ disease, unlike the flu, does not spread easily from person to person.

Run showers and taps regularly

If some showers and taps aren’t used regularly, run them at least once a week with hot water so that any bacteria living inside the pipes is regularly flushed out and cannot multiply to dangerous levels.

Don’t drink tank water

Yes, Boomers drank from the tank and nobody died – it’s true. But the Australian government would like it to stop now please. Brisbane is especially susceptible to legionella in rainwater tanks because our hot summers create tank water in the perfect temperature range for bacteria cultivation. Don’t drink the tank water. Don’t feed your hot water system with it unless you get a professional Brisbane plumber to consult, if you’re using it in the garden, don’t breath in the spray.

Don’t turn off your hot water system unnecessarily

Your hot water system and any solar boosters should remain “on” and solar batteries should be set to “switch to grid” when they run out of juice. If your water is cooling to “tepid” you are creating a wonderful breeding ground for legionella in your hot water system. Keep it at above 60 degrees at all times.

If you do turn off your hot water, do this before using

You’re going to need one of those leftover masks you’ve got stashed in the back of the cupboard from lockdown days! If you do need to turn your water heater off, for a prolonged holiday or during periods of vacancy, wait for the tank temperature to rise to 60 degrees before using hot water. Once it’s had ample time to heat up (depending on the system it could be several hours – leaving it overnight is recommended), put on your mask to prevent exposure via droplets. Run the hot tap, standing well clear while the cooler water flushes from the pipes. Then “flush” all of the pipes in the house with hot water for at least 15 – 30 seconds.

Maintain your hot water system

And finally, you should call a plumber regularly for home hot water maintenance and testing of your home hot water system to ensure that it is heating your water to the right temperature each time. As homes and systems age, their likelihood of being less effective rises. Just like a car, a hot water system gets a lot of use, and it needs regular servicing and maintenance to ensure its effective operation.

Our friendly, experienced team of professionals at Salmon Plumbing to do your hot water system servicing. Salmon are the plumbers Brisbane trust for advice on healthy water in, and out of your home.